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834 lines
30 KiB
834 lines
30 KiB
5 months ago
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"""
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requests.sessions
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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This module provides a Session object to manage and persist settings across
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requests (cookies, auth, proxies).
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"""
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import os
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import sys
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import time
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from collections import OrderedDict
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from datetime import timedelta
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from ._internal_utils import to_native_string
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from .adapters import HTTPAdapter
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from .auth import _basic_auth_str
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from .compat import Mapping, cookielib, urljoin, urlparse
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from .cookies import (
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RequestsCookieJar,
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cookiejar_from_dict,
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extract_cookies_to_jar,
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merge_cookies,
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)
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from .exceptions import (
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ChunkedEncodingError,
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ContentDecodingError,
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InvalidSchema,
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TooManyRedirects,
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)
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from .hooks import default_hooks, dispatch_hook
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# formerly defined here, reexposed here for backward compatibility
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from .models import ( # noqa: F401
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DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT,
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REDIRECT_STATI,
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PreparedRequest,
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Request,
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)
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from .status_codes import codes
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from .structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
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from .utils import ( # noqa: F401
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DEFAULT_PORTS,
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default_headers,
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get_auth_from_url,
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get_environ_proxies,
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get_netrc_auth,
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requote_uri,
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resolve_proxies,
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rewind_body,
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should_bypass_proxies,
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to_key_val_list,
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)
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# Preferred clock, based on which one is more accurate on a given system.
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if sys.platform == "win32":
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preferred_clock = time.perf_counter
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else:
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preferred_clock = time.time
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def merge_setting(request_setting, session_setting, dict_class=OrderedDict):
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"""Determines appropriate setting for a given request, taking into account
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the explicit setting on that request, and the setting in the session. If a
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setting is a dictionary, they will be merged together using `dict_class`
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"""
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if session_setting is None:
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return request_setting
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if request_setting is None:
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return session_setting
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# Bypass if not a dictionary (e.g. verify)
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if not (
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isinstance(session_setting, Mapping) and isinstance(request_setting, Mapping)
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):
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return request_setting
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merged_setting = dict_class(to_key_val_list(session_setting))
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merged_setting.update(to_key_val_list(request_setting))
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# Remove keys that are set to None. Extract keys first to avoid altering
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# the dictionary during iteration.
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none_keys = [k for (k, v) in merged_setting.items() if v is None]
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for key in none_keys:
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del merged_setting[key]
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return merged_setting
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def merge_hooks(request_hooks, session_hooks, dict_class=OrderedDict):
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"""Properly merges both requests and session hooks.
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This is necessary because when request_hooks == {'response': []}, the
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merge breaks Session hooks entirely.
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"""
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if session_hooks is None or session_hooks.get("response") == []:
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return request_hooks
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if request_hooks is None or request_hooks.get("response") == []:
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return session_hooks
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return merge_setting(request_hooks, session_hooks, dict_class)
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class SessionRedirectMixin:
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def get_redirect_target(self, resp):
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"""Receives a Response. Returns a redirect URI or ``None``"""
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# Due to the nature of how requests processes redirects this method will
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# be called at least once upon the original response and at least twice
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# on each subsequent redirect response (if any).
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# If a custom mixin is used to handle this logic, it may be advantageous
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# to cache the redirect location onto the response object as a private
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# attribute.
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if resp.is_redirect:
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location = resp.headers["location"]
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# Currently the underlying http module on py3 decode headers
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# in latin1, but empirical evidence suggests that latin1 is very
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# rarely used with non-ASCII characters in HTTP headers.
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# It is more likely to get UTF8 header rather than latin1.
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# This causes incorrect handling of UTF8 encoded location headers.
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# To solve this, we re-encode the location in latin1.
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location = location.encode("latin1")
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return to_native_string(location, "utf8")
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return None
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def should_strip_auth(self, old_url, new_url):
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"""Decide whether Authorization header should be removed when redirecting"""
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old_parsed = urlparse(old_url)
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new_parsed = urlparse(new_url)
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if old_parsed.hostname != new_parsed.hostname:
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return True
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# Special case: allow http -> https redirect when using the standard
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# ports. This isn't specified by RFC 7235, but is kept to avoid
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# breaking backwards compatibility with older versions of requests
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# that allowed any redirects on the same host.
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if (
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old_parsed.scheme == "http"
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and old_parsed.port in (80, None)
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and new_parsed.scheme == "https"
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and new_parsed.port in (443, None)
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):
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return False
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# Handle default port usage corresponding to scheme.
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changed_port = old_parsed.port != new_parsed.port
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changed_scheme = old_parsed.scheme != new_parsed.scheme
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default_port = (DEFAULT_PORTS.get(old_parsed.scheme, None), None)
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if (
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not changed_scheme
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and old_parsed.port in default_port
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and new_parsed.port in default_port
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):
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return False
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# Standard case: root URI must match
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return changed_port or changed_scheme
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def resolve_redirects(
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self,
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resp,
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req,
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stream=False,
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timeout=None,
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verify=True,
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cert=None,
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proxies=None,
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yield_requests=False,
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**adapter_kwargs,
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):
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"""Receives a Response. Returns a generator of Responses or Requests."""
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hist = [] # keep track of history
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url = self.get_redirect_target(resp)
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previous_fragment = urlparse(req.url).fragment
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while url:
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prepared_request = req.copy()
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# Update history and keep track of redirects.
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# resp.history must ignore the original request in this loop
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hist.append(resp)
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resp.history = hist[1:]
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try:
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resp.content # Consume socket so it can be released
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except (ChunkedEncodingError, ContentDecodingError, RuntimeError):
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resp.raw.read(decode_content=False)
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if len(resp.history) >= self.max_redirects:
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raise TooManyRedirects(
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f"Exceeded {self.max_redirects} redirects.", response=resp
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)
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# Release the connection back into the pool.
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resp.close()
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# Handle redirection without scheme (see: RFC 1808 Section 4)
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if url.startswith("//"):
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parsed_rurl = urlparse(resp.url)
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url = ":".join([to_native_string(parsed_rurl.scheme), url])
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# Normalize url case and attach previous fragment if needed (RFC 7231 7.1.2)
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parsed = urlparse(url)
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if parsed.fragment == "" and previous_fragment:
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parsed = parsed._replace(fragment=previous_fragment)
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elif parsed.fragment:
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previous_fragment = parsed.fragment
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url = parsed.geturl()
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# Facilitate relative 'location' headers, as allowed by RFC 7231.
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# (e.g. '/path/to/resource' instead of 'http://domain.tld/path/to/resource')
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# Compliant with RFC3986, we percent encode the url.
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if not parsed.netloc:
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url = urljoin(resp.url, requote_uri(url))
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else:
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url = requote_uri(url)
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prepared_request.url = to_native_string(url)
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self.rebuild_method(prepared_request, resp)
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# https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/1084
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if resp.status_code not in (
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codes.temporary_redirect,
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codes.permanent_redirect,
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):
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# https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/3490
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purged_headers = ("Content-Length", "Content-Type", "Transfer-Encoding")
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for header in purged_headers:
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prepared_request.headers.pop(header, None)
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prepared_request.body = None
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headers = prepared_request.headers
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headers.pop("Cookie", None)
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# Extract any cookies sent on the response to the cookiejar
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# in the new request. Because we've mutated our copied prepared
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# request, use the old one that we haven't yet touched.
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extract_cookies_to_jar(prepared_request._cookies, req, resp.raw)
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merge_cookies(prepared_request._cookies, self.cookies)
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prepared_request.prepare_cookies(prepared_request._cookies)
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# Rebuild auth and proxy information.
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proxies = self.rebuild_proxies(prepared_request, proxies)
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self.rebuild_auth(prepared_request, resp)
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# A failed tell() sets `_body_position` to `object()`. This non-None
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# value ensures `rewindable` will be True, allowing us to raise an
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# UnrewindableBodyError, instead of hanging the connection.
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rewindable = prepared_request._body_position is not None and (
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"Content-Length" in headers or "Transfer-Encoding" in headers
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)
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|
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# Attempt to rewind consumed file-like object.
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if rewindable:
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rewind_body(prepared_request)
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# Override the original request.
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req = prepared_request
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|
|
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if yield_requests:
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yield req
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else:
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|
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resp = self.send(
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req,
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stream=stream,
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timeout=timeout,
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verify=verify,
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cert=cert,
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proxies=proxies,
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allow_redirects=False,
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**adapter_kwargs,
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||
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)
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||
|
|
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||
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extract_cookies_to_jar(self.cookies, prepared_request, resp.raw)
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|
|
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# extract redirect url, if any, for the next loop
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url = self.get_redirect_target(resp)
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yield resp
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||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def rebuild_auth(self, prepared_request, response):
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|
"""When being redirected we may want to strip authentication from the
|
||
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|
request to avoid leaking credentials. This method intelligently removes
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||
|
|
and reapplies authentication where possible to avoid credential loss.
|
||
|
|
"""
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||
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headers = prepared_request.headers
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||
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url = prepared_request.url
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||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if "Authorization" in headers and self.should_strip_auth(
|
||
|
|
response.request.url, url
|
||
|
|
):
|
||
|
|
# If we get redirected to a new host, we should strip out any
|
||
|
|
# authentication headers.
|
||
|
|
del headers["Authorization"]
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||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# .netrc might have more auth for us on our new host.
|
||
|
|
new_auth = get_netrc_auth(url) if self.trust_env else None
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||
|
|
if new_auth is not None:
|
||
|
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prepared_request.prepare_auth(new_auth)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def rebuild_proxies(self, prepared_request, proxies):
|
||
|
|
"""This method re-evaluates the proxy configuration by considering the
|
||
|
|
environment variables. If we are redirected to a URL covered by
|
||
|
|
NO_PROXY, we strip the proxy configuration. Otherwise, we set missing
|
||
|
|
proxy keys for this URL (in case they were stripped by a previous
|
||
|
|
redirect).
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
This method also replaces the Proxy-Authorization header where
|
||
|
|
necessary.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:rtype: dict
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
headers = prepared_request.headers
|
||
|
|
scheme = urlparse(prepared_request.url).scheme
|
||
|
|
new_proxies = resolve_proxies(prepared_request, proxies, self.trust_env)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if "Proxy-Authorization" in headers:
|
||
|
|
del headers["Proxy-Authorization"]
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
username, password = get_auth_from_url(new_proxies[scheme])
|
||
|
|
except KeyError:
|
||
|
|
username, password = None, None
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# urllib3 handles proxy authorization for us in the standard adapter.
|
||
|
|
# Avoid appending this to TLS tunneled requests where it may be leaked.
|
||
|
|
if not scheme.startswith('https') and username and password:
|
||
|
|
headers["Proxy-Authorization"] = _basic_auth_str(username, password)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return new_proxies
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def rebuild_method(self, prepared_request, response):
|
||
|
|
"""When being redirected we may want to change the method of the request
|
||
|
|
based on certain specs or browser behavior.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
method = prepared_request.method
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.4.4
|
||
|
|
if response.status_code == codes.see_other and method != "HEAD":
|
||
|
|
method = "GET"
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Do what the browsers do, despite standards...
|
||
|
|
# First, turn 302s into GETs.
|
||
|
|
if response.status_code == codes.found and method != "HEAD":
|
||
|
|
method = "GET"
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Second, if a POST is responded to with a 301, turn it into a GET.
|
||
|
|
# This bizarre behaviour is explained in Issue 1704.
|
||
|
|
if response.status_code == codes.moved and method == "POST":
|
||
|
|
method = "GET"
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
prepared_request.method = method
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
|
||
|
|
"""A Requests session.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Provides cookie persistence, connection-pooling, and configuration.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Basic Usage::
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
>>> import requests
|
||
|
|
>>> s = requests.Session()
|
||
|
|
>>> s.get('https://httpbin.org/get')
|
||
|
|
<Response [200]>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Or as a context manager::
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
>>> with requests.Session() as s:
|
||
|
|
... s.get('https://httpbin.org/get')
|
||
|
|
<Response [200]>
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
__attrs__ = [
|
||
|
|
"headers",
|
||
|
|
"cookies",
|
||
|
|
"auth",
|
||
|
|
"proxies",
|
||
|
|
"hooks",
|
||
|
|
"params",
|
||
|
|
"verify",
|
||
|
|
"cert",
|
||
|
|
"adapters",
|
||
|
|
"stream",
|
||
|
|
"trust_env",
|
||
|
|
"max_redirects",
|
||
|
|
]
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def __init__(self):
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#: A case-insensitive dictionary of headers to be sent on each
|
||
|
|
#: :class:`Request <Request>` sent from this
|
||
|
|
#: :class:`Session <Session>`.
|
||
|
|
self.headers = default_headers()
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#: Default Authentication tuple or object to attach to
|
||
|
|
#: :class:`Request <Request>`.
|
||
|
|
self.auth = None
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#: Dictionary mapping protocol or protocol and host to the URL of the proxy
|
||
|
|
#: (e.g. {'http': 'foo.bar:3128', 'http://host.name': 'foo.bar:4012'}) to
|
||
|
|
#: be used on each :class:`Request <Request>`.
|
||
|
|
self.proxies = {}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#: Event-handling hooks.
|
||
|
|
self.hooks = default_hooks()
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#: Dictionary of querystring data to attach to each
|
||
|
|
#: :class:`Request <Request>`. The dictionary values may be lists for
|
||
|
|
#: representing multivalued query parameters.
|
||
|
|
self.params = {}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#: Stream response content default.
|
||
|
|
self.stream = False
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#: SSL Verification default.
|
||
|
|
#: Defaults to `True`, requiring requests to verify the TLS certificate at the
|
||
|
|
#: remote end.
|
||
|
|
#: If verify is set to `False`, requests will accept any TLS certificate
|
||
|
|
#: presented by the server, and will ignore hostname mismatches and/or
|
||
|
|
#: expired certificates, which will make your application vulnerable to
|
||
|
|
#: man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks.
|
||
|
|
#: Only set this to `False` for testing.
|
||
|
|
self.verify = True
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#: SSL client certificate default, if String, path to ssl client
|
||
|
|
#: cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.
|
||
|
|
self.cert = None
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#: Maximum number of redirects allowed. If the request exceeds this
|
||
|
|
#: limit, a :class:`TooManyRedirects` exception is raised.
|
||
|
|
#: This defaults to requests.models.DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT, which is
|
||
|
|
#: 30.
|
||
|
|
self.max_redirects = DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#: Trust environment settings for proxy configuration, default
|
||
|
|
#: authentication and similar.
|
||
|
|
self.trust_env = True
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#: A CookieJar containing all currently outstanding cookies set on this
|
||
|
|
#: session. By default it is a
|
||
|
|
#: :class:`RequestsCookieJar <requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar>`, but
|
||
|
|
#: may be any other ``cookielib.CookieJar`` compatible object.
|
||
|
|
self.cookies = cookiejar_from_dict({})
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Default connection adapters.
|
||
|
|
self.adapters = OrderedDict()
|
||
|
|
self.mount("https://", HTTPAdapter())
|
||
|
|
self.mount("http://", HTTPAdapter())
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def __enter__(self):
|
||
|
|
return self
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def __exit__(self, *args):
|
||
|
|
self.close()
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def prepare_request(self, request):
|
||
|
|
"""Constructs a :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` for
|
||
|
|
transmission and returns it. The :class:`PreparedRequest` has settings
|
||
|
|
merged from the :class:`Request <Request>` instance and those of the
|
||
|
|
:class:`Session`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param request: :class:`Request` instance to prepare with this
|
||
|
|
session's settings.
|
||
|
|
:rtype: requests.PreparedRequest
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
cookies = request.cookies or {}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Bootstrap CookieJar.
|
||
|
|
if not isinstance(cookies, cookielib.CookieJar):
|
||
|
|
cookies = cookiejar_from_dict(cookies)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Merge with session cookies
|
||
|
|
merged_cookies = merge_cookies(
|
||
|
|
merge_cookies(RequestsCookieJar(), self.cookies), cookies
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Set environment's basic authentication if not explicitly set.
|
||
|
|
auth = request.auth
|
||
|
|
if self.trust_env and not auth and not self.auth:
|
||
|
|
auth = get_netrc_auth(request.url)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
p = PreparedRequest()
|
||
|
|
p.prepare(
|
||
|
|
method=request.method.upper(),
|
||
|
|
url=request.url,
|
||
|
|
files=request.files,
|
||
|
|
data=request.data,
|
||
|
|
json=request.json,
|
||
|
|
headers=merge_setting(
|
||
|
|
request.headers, self.headers, dict_class=CaseInsensitiveDict
|
||
|
|
),
|
||
|
|
params=merge_setting(request.params, self.params),
|
||
|
|
auth=merge_setting(auth, self.auth),
|
||
|
|
cookies=merged_cookies,
|
||
|
|
hooks=merge_hooks(request.hooks, self.hooks),
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
return p
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def request(
|
||
|
|
self,
|
||
|
|
method,
|
||
|
|
url,
|
||
|
|
params=None,
|
||
|
|
data=None,
|
||
|
|
headers=None,
|
||
|
|
cookies=None,
|
||
|
|
files=None,
|
||
|
|
auth=None,
|
||
|
|
timeout=None,
|
||
|
|
allow_redirects=True,
|
||
|
|
proxies=None,
|
||
|
|
hooks=None,
|
||
|
|
stream=None,
|
||
|
|
verify=None,
|
||
|
|
cert=None,
|
||
|
|
json=None,
|
||
|
|
):
|
||
|
|
"""Constructs a :class:`Request <Request>`, prepares it and sends it.
|
||
|
|
Returns :class:`Response <Response>` object.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object.
|
||
|
|
:param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
|
||
|
|
:param params: (optional) Dictionary or bytes to be sent in the query
|
||
|
|
string for the :class:`Request`.
|
||
|
|
:param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
|
||
|
|
object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
|
||
|
|
:param json: (optional) json to send in the body of the
|
||
|
|
:class:`Request`.
|
||
|
|
:param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the
|
||
|
|
:class:`Request`.
|
||
|
|
:param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the
|
||
|
|
:class:`Request`.
|
||
|
|
:param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'filename': file-like-objects``
|
||
|
|
for multipart encoding upload.
|
||
|
|
:param auth: (optional) Auth tuple or callable to enable
|
||
|
|
Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
|
||
|
|
:param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send
|
||
|
|
data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout,
|
||
|
|
read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
|
||
|
|
:type timeout: float or tuple
|
||
|
|
:param allow_redirects: (optional) Set to True by default.
|
||
|
|
:type allow_redirects: bool
|
||
|
|
:param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol or protocol and
|
||
|
|
hostname to the URL of the proxy.
|
||
|
|
:param stream: (optional) whether to immediately download the response
|
||
|
|
content. Defaults to ``False``.
|
||
|
|
:param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify
|
||
|
|
the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path
|
||
|
|
to a CA bundle to use. Defaults to ``True``. When set to
|
||
|
|
``False``, requests will accept any TLS certificate presented by
|
||
|
|
the server, and will ignore hostname mismatches and/or expired
|
||
|
|
certificates, which will make your application vulnerable to
|
||
|
|
man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks. Setting verify to ``False``
|
||
|
|
may be useful during local development or testing.
|
||
|
|
:param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem).
|
||
|
|
If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.
|
||
|
|
:rtype: requests.Response
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
# Create the Request.
|
||
|
|
req = Request(
|
||
|
|
method=method.upper(),
|
||
|
|
url=url,
|
||
|
|
headers=headers,
|
||
|
|
files=files,
|
||
|
|
data=data or {},
|
||
|
|
json=json,
|
||
|
|
params=params or {},
|
||
|
|
auth=auth,
|
||
|
|
cookies=cookies,
|
||
|
|
hooks=hooks,
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
prep = self.prepare_request(req)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
proxies = proxies or {}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
settings = self.merge_environment_settings(
|
||
|
|
prep.url, proxies, stream, verify, cert
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Send the request.
|
||
|
|
send_kwargs = {
|
||
|
|
"timeout": timeout,
|
||
|
|
"allow_redirects": allow_redirects,
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
send_kwargs.update(settings)
|
||
|
|
resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return resp
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def get(self, url, **kwargs):
|
||
|
|
r"""Sends a GET request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
|
||
|
|
:param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
|
||
|
|
:rtype: requests.Response
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
kwargs.setdefault("allow_redirects", True)
|
||
|
|
return self.request("GET", url, **kwargs)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def options(self, url, **kwargs):
|
||
|
|
r"""Sends a OPTIONS request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
|
||
|
|
:param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
|
||
|
|
:rtype: requests.Response
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
kwargs.setdefault("allow_redirects", True)
|
||
|
|
return self.request("OPTIONS", url, **kwargs)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def head(self, url, **kwargs):
|
||
|
|
r"""Sends a HEAD request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
|
||
|
|
:param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
|
||
|
|
:rtype: requests.Response
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
kwargs.setdefault("allow_redirects", False)
|
||
|
|
return self.request("HEAD", url, **kwargs)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def post(self, url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs):
|
||
|
|
r"""Sends a POST request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
|
||
|
|
:param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
|
||
|
|
object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
|
||
|
|
:param json: (optional) json to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
|
||
|
|
:param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
|
||
|
|
:rtype: requests.Response
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return self.request("POST", url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def put(self, url, data=None, **kwargs):
|
||
|
|
r"""Sends a PUT request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
|
||
|
|
:param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
|
||
|
|
object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
|
||
|
|
:param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
|
||
|
|
:rtype: requests.Response
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return self.request("PUT", url, data=data, **kwargs)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def patch(self, url, data=None, **kwargs):
|
||
|
|
r"""Sends a PATCH request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
|
||
|
|
:param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
|
||
|
|
object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
|
||
|
|
:param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
|
||
|
|
:rtype: requests.Response
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return self.request("PATCH", url, data=data, **kwargs)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def delete(self, url, **kwargs):
|
||
|
|
r"""Sends a DELETE request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
|
||
|
|
:param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
|
||
|
|
:rtype: requests.Response
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return self.request("DELETE", url, **kwargs)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def send(self, request, **kwargs):
|
||
|
|
"""Send a given PreparedRequest.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:rtype: requests.Response
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
# Set defaults that the hooks can utilize to ensure they always have
|
||
|
|
# the correct parameters to reproduce the previous request.
|
||
|
|
kwargs.setdefault("stream", self.stream)
|
||
|
|
kwargs.setdefault("verify", self.verify)
|
||
|
|
kwargs.setdefault("cert", self.cert)
|
||
|
|
if "proxies" not in kwargs:
|
||
|
|
kwargs["proxies"] = resolve_proxies(request, self.proxies, self.trust_env)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# It's possible that users might accidentally send a Request object.
|
||
|
|
# Guard against that specific failure case.
|
||
|
|
if isinstance(request, Request):
|
||
|
|
raise ValueError("You can only send PreparedRequests.")
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Set up variables needed for resolve_redirects and dispatching of hooks
|
||
|
|
allow_redirects = kwargs.pop("allow_redirects", True)
|
||
|
|
stream = kwargs.get("stream")
|
||
|
|
hooks = request.hooks
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Get the appropriate adapter to use
|
||
|
|
adapter = self.get_adapter(url=request.url)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Start time (approximately) of the request
|
||
|
|
start = preferred_clock()
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Send the request
|
||
|
|
r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Total elapsed time of the request (approximately)
|
||
|
|
elapsed = preferred_clock() - start
|
||
|
|
r.elapsed = timedelta(seconds=elapsed)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Response manipulation hooks
|
||
|
|
r = dispatch_hook("response", hooks, r, **kwargs)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Persist cookies
|
||
|
|
if r.history:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# If the hooks create history then we want those cookies too
|
||
|
|
for resp in r.history:
|
||
|
|
extract_cookies_to_jar(self.cookies, resp.request, resp.raw)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
extract_cookies_to_jar(self.cookies, request, r.raw)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Resolve redirects if allowed.
|
||
|
|
if allow_redirects:
|
||
|
|
# Redirect resolving generator.
|
||
|
|
gen = self.resolve_redirects(r, request, **kwargs)
|
||
|
|
history = [resp for resp in gen]
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
history = []
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Shuffle things around if there's history.
|
||
|
|
if history:
|
||
|
|
# Insert the first (original) request at the start
|
||
|
|
history.insert(0, r)
|
||
|
|
# Get the last request made
|
||
|
|
r = history.pop()
|
||
|
|
r.history = history
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# If redirects aren't being followed, store the response on the Request for Response.next().
|
||
|
|
if not allow_redirects:
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
r._next = next(
|
||
|
|
self.resolve_redirects(r, request, yield_requests=True, **kwargs)
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
except StopIteration:
|
||
|
|
pass
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if not stream:
|
||
|
|
r.content
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return r
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def merge_environment_settings(self, url, proxies, stream, verify, cert):
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
Check the environment and merge it with some settings.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:rtype: dict
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
# Gather clues from the surrounding environment.
|
||
|
|
if self.trust_env:
|
||
|
|
# Set environment's proxies.
|
||
|
|
no_proxy = proxies.get("no_proxy") if proxies is not None else None
|
||
|
|
env_proxies = get_environ_proxies(url, no_proxy=no_proxy)
|
||
|
|
for (k, v) in env_proxies.items():
|
||
|
|
proxies.setdefault(k, v)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Look for requests environment configuration
|
||
|
|
# and be compatible with cURL.
|
||
|
|
if verify is True or verify is None:
|
||
|
|
verify = (
|
||
|
|
os.environ.get("REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE")
|
||
|
|
or os.environ.get("CURL_CA_BUNDLE")
|
||
|
|
or verify
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Merge all the kwargs.
|
||
|
|
proxies = merge_setting(proxies, self.proxies)
|
||
|
|
stream = merge_setting(stream, self.stream)
|
||
|
|
verify = merge_setting(verify, self.verify)
|
||
|
|
cert = merge_setting(cert, self.cert)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return {"proxies": proxies, "stream": stream, "verify": verify, "cert": cert}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def get_adapter(self, url):
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
Returns the appropriate connection adapter for the given URL.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:rtype: requests.adapters.BaseAdapter
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
for (prefix, adapter) in self.adapters.items():
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if url.lower().startswith(prefix.lower()):
|
||
|
|
return adapter
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Nothing matches :-/
|
||
|
|
raise InvalidSchema(f"No connection adapters were found for {url!r}")
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def close(self):
|
||
|
|
"""Closes all adapters and as such the session"""
|
||
|
|
for v in self.adapters.values():
|
||
|
|
v.close()
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def mount(self, prefix, adapter):
|
||
|
|
"""Registers a connection adapter to a prefix.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Adapters are sorted in descending order by prefix length.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
self.adapters[prefix] = adapter
|
||
|
|
keys_to_move = [k for k in self.adapters if len(k) < len(prefix)]
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
for key in keys_to_move:
|
||
|
|
self.adapters[key] = self.adapters.pop(key)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def __getstate__(self):
|
||
|
|
state = {attr: getattr(self, attr, None) for attr in self.__attrs__}
|
||
|
|
return state
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def __setstate__(self, state):
|
||
|
|
for attr, value in state.items():
|
||
|
|
setattr(self, attr, value)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def session():
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
Returns a :class:`Session` for context-management.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. deprecated:: 1.0.0
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
This method has been deprecated since version 1.0.0 and is only kept for
|
||
|
|
backwards compatibility. New code should use :class:`~requests.sessions.Session`
|
||
|
|
to create a session. This may be removed at a future date.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:rtype: Session
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
return Session()
|